Work Schedules: Shift work and Long Hours - CDC NIOSH
According to 2001 data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, almost 15 million Americans work evening shift, night shift, rotating shifts, or other employer arranged irregular schedules. The International Labour Office in 2003 reports that working hours in the United States exceed Japan and most of western Europe. Both shift work and long work hours have been associated with health and safety risks. This page provides links to NIOSH publications and other resources that address demanding work schedules.
Work Schedules: Modelling the Impact of Long Work Hours on Injuries - CDC NIOSH
Based on the pooled frequencies across these eight data sets, risk increased in an approximately linear fashion, from morning to night, with an increased risk of 18.3% on the afternoon shift, and of 30.4% on the night shift, relative to that on the morning shift (see Folkard and Lombardi 2004 for more details of this analysis). This finding suggests that when the a priori risk appears to be homogeneous across the three shifts, there is a tendency for the relative risk of incidents to be higher on the afternoon shift than on the morning shift, and highest on the night shift.
The third trend relates to relative risk of incidents over successive night shifts. The authors are aware of seven published studies that have reported incident frequencies separately for each night over a span of at least four successive night shifts (see Folkard and Akerstedt 2004 for details of these studies). Based on the pooled frequencies across these seven data sets, incident risk was about 6% higher on the second night, 17% higher on the third night, and 36% higher on the fourth night than on the first night shift.